The Character of Zanni in Commedia dellArte Essay Example

The Character of Zanni in Commedia dellArte Paper The Zanni are often referred to as ‘servant’ characters. However, Zanni have traditional uses for filling out other types of careers ranging from shopkeepers to politicians. They all are most commonly shows to be servants of the vecchi (which means ‘old men’) and innamorati (which means the romantic leads, also known as the ‘lovers’). The origin of the term Zanni indicates that rather, they are meant to represent commoners or the everyman. The Zanni are the most versatile of the commedia characters; they may be either working for someone, or may have their own motivations apart from any sides. Some stories, for example, The Marvellous Malady of Harlequin, omit the other character types altogether and focus squarely on the Zanni. The Zanni are often described as masked characters. The main trait which all the Zanni share is that they are supposed to be entertaining. This is most often achieved through comical behaviors and speeches, but can also be done through other methods like acrobatics or dancing. There were common qualities between all the Zanni characters: they all possessed common sense, intelligence, pride, a love for practical jokes and intrigue. The Zanni have a common costume which was a baggy white one, which was originally made of flour sacks: Their mask originates from the full-face Carnival mask: Their signature props include bags, letters, valuables, food and etc. , that belongs to someone else. Zanni stands with an arched back, with his knees bent and apart and his feet spread out. The support knee is bent with the other leg extended, toe pointed. The character changes feet repeatedly while talking or listening within the same position and without its head bobbing up and down. The elbows are bent and the arms half-lifted. We will write a custom essay sample on The Character of Zanni in Commedia dellArte specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Character of Zanni in Commedia dellArte specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Character of Zanni in Commedia dellArte specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer There are six types of Zanni walk: 1) little Zanni walk: this is a development of the basic stance, foot changing but taking a small step forward on each shift, 2) Big Zanni walk: a curved lumbar is first achieved by sticking chest forward and the backside up, 3) Zanni running: a swift movement with legs kicked alternately to the front with pointed toes, 4) Zanni jubilant: a skipping movement on the toes with the centre of gravity going from side-to-side, 5) Vain Zanni: steps are a smaller version of the big walk, with hands resting on belt, 6) Solider Zanni: hold a stick cupped in one hand and inclined over shoulder like a rifle. Zanni’s movements are dynamic and exaggerated. Their gestures/actions are always urgent. They appear nervous; talk a lot and their head moves constantly. The nose defines the rhythm of his body since it is the center of his actions. The hands are very expressive and constantly used to illustrate what he is saying. While delivering their dialogues, they speak open-mouthed and loud. Bibliography: * Commedia Stock Characters Zanni. Â  Shane Arts Home Page. N. p. , n. d. Web. 11 Aug. 2013. http://shane-arts. com/Commedia-Zanni. htm

Dbq Industrial Revolution Essay Example

Dbq Industrial Revolution Essay Example Dbq Industrial Revolution Paper Dbq Industrial Revolution Paper 1. While the French Revolution was opening a new political era, another revolution was transforming economic and social life. This was the Industrial Revolution, which began in Britain around the mid eighteen hundreds and started to influence the rest of Europe and then the world. It was a rapid period that brought about radical changes. The Industrial Revolution is usually defined as the shift from agrarian revolution to one based on the products of machine manufacturing. As a matter of fact, the revolution was much more involved rather than simply a shift to machine manufacture. It involved new and more efficient ways of organizing tasks, it led to increase in agricultural productivity, the harnessing of plentiful labor and the expanded role of financial institutions that began in the second half of the century that would transform society. The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain for many reasons. The conditions in Britain happened to be perfect at that time. Englands natural resources helped in many ways to boom the newly Industrial Revolution. For instance, Englands abundance of coal provided a good power source for energy; its abundance of iron would be needed for construction (Doc. 1, 4) and the damp climate was good for cotton growing. These new source of energies replaced wind and water to create labor saving machines that dramatically decrease the use of human and animal labors and at the same time increase the level of productivity. As a result Englands population grew rapidly providing a labor force for the industry. Beginning in the middle of the eighteenth century, the Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain. This revolution greatly increased the output of machine made goods. The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain because of its many natural resources such as coal, iron, water, and lead. (DOC 1,4) Great Britain had natural harbors and rivers. Great Britain was an Island in Western Europe that was separated from Europe, which meant no wars. Also, the Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain because of the textile industry. Britain had an abundance of cotton, used in the making of textiles. When the cottage industry and the manufacturing of clothing at home changed to the factory system, new machines were being created. Also, several key-inventors of these machines were from Great Britain and contributed to the factory system being established. (DOC5)Also, efficient transportation was already set up in Britain and it was further innovated with the demand between producers and suppliers. Great Britain also had a lot of natural resources such as coal and iron. he Industrial Revolution affected every part of life in Great Britainm but proved to be a mixed blessing. Eventually, indutrialization led to be a better quality of life for most people. But the change to machine production initially caused human suffering. Rapid industrialization brought plentiful jons, the ills of child labor. It also led to rising class tensions, especially between the working class and the middle class Another aspect of the Engl ish society that allowed the Industrial Revolution to start in England was the structural class system. In England in the mid seventeen hundreds, there was no dominant and powerful feudal class that restricted and forced changes in society. Instead, there was an abundance of free workers(DOC2) who did not own land. This class structure together with the revolutionry movement made the concept of indurtrializing efficient and easy. Ultimately the main reason the Industrial Revolution began in England was because of its natural recources and form of efficient government.

Why are Nursing Home Jobs Getting Tougher to Find

Why are Nursing Home Jobs Getting Tougher to Find There’s constant buzz about the shortage of healthcare providers and bustling job market as we enter an era in which people over the age of 65 will account for nearly 20 percent of the population by the year 2030, according to the Administration on Aging. Picturing a society full of nursing homes overflowing with white-haired seniors? Think again. Nursing homes have been steadily on the decline in this county for years, and there’s no indication of a reversal in sight. Declining along with them? Nursing home jobs. Let’s take a closer look at this phenomenon, and what it means for nurses and other nursing home professionals.The 411 on Nursing Home JobsNursing home and residential care facility jobs fell by a whopping 4,800 jobs this past March, continuing a trend in that sector. The majority of these jobs were in nursing homes - the sole sector that’s seen a decline over the past year.However, health care overall added 22,300 jobs last month, largely drive n by outpatient care options, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor statistics. While jobs for nurses and physicians continued to experience growth, nursing homes positions remained the one stagnant area.Why the Decline?Today’s seniors want different things for their retirement, and the stigma of nursing homes weighs heavily upon them. Because people want care that’s closer to home and less â€Å"institutional† in feel, outpatient settings are experiencing significant growth. While this increases the demand for healthcare professionals in ambulatory roles, it decreases jobs for nursing home workers.It’s not exactly a surprise that the decline in nursing home jobs corresponds to other related declines, both in terms of nursing homes as well as older patients in nursing homes. Many healthcare professionals hoping to land nursing home jobs are finding themselves in an unexpected predicament: without job prospects in one of the most sought after sectors.This doesn’t mean they have to settle for the unemployment line, however. Instead, it may mean expanding their search parameters to different settings which offer similar care to older patients.The â€Å"New† Nursing HomePartly in response to demand from patients and partly due to the shrinking of Medicaid financing, many nursing homes are turning to a new model: Managed Care at Home programs. Also referred to as PACE (â€Å"Program of All-INclusive Care for the Elderly,†) this option includes many responsibilities that overlap with those in traditional nursing homes while allowing patients to stay at home. In short: long-term care no longer must take place in a nursing home; rather seniors can now gain access to 24-hour care at home. Many believe that patients can not only gain access to equally quality of care with these Managed Care at Home programs, but will also pay less. It’s no surprise, then, that these programs are expected to continue to grow.While n ursing homes are unlikely to ever disappear completely, competition for nursing home positions will grow steeper. Meanwhile, new career options will skyrocket thanks to a number of factors, including the increasing senior population, the influx of patients into the American healthcare system due to the Affordable Care Act, and the rise in managed care at home programs designed to meet financial concerns and patient needs alike. Trained and flexible healthcare workers will have plenty of options from which to choose.

Revolutionary Materials in the Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Revolutionary Materials in the Industry - Essay Example Zeoform’s application ranges from jewelry and musical instruments to structures and interior design. Zeoform is wood-like in texture and can be molded into a very vast range of products. This material is fully non-toxic. Zeoform is biodegradable and is formed by locking up of the molecules of carbon collected from waste into very ecstatic functional things. Zeoform is a revolutionary material because it is not a one of its kind material, but is also environment friendly as it is formed from the processing of waste. Zeoform â€Å"is a ‘game-changing’ technology that will generate a new global industry – much like plastic did in the post-war years. A ubiquitous, eco-friendly material used on all continents in nearly all industries to produce endless, innovative consumer products† (Wheeler cited in Zarkham). Zeoform’s raw materials are in abundance and process of manufacturing is fairly simple. Because of these factors, Zeoform is cost effective and is competitively

Ubiquitous Computing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Ubiquitous Computing - Essay Example Ubiquitous computing is mostly mobile or even fixed to the environment and networked with a structure of ubiquitous network. The subject of ubiquitous computing is interesting going by the way technological advancements are revolutionizing life, making it simpler and yet making people get vulnerable to virtual attacks. Visions of ubiquitous computing Ubiquitous computing is associated with a number of visions. One of the visions is providing effective use of smart spaces. By fixing computing devices in buildings a smart space connects two worlds that were initially separate. This connection enables controlling and sensing of a world by another. This smartness is also applied to individual objects even if they are not in a smart space. Secondly, there is the aspect of invisibility. The main idea here is to completely eliminate the technology of ubiquitous computing from individual’s consciousness. This implies ensuring reduced user distraction according to Yang (2004). This mea ns that ubiquitous computing environment will always meet the expectations of the user subconsciously. Another vision is uneven conditioning masking. The rate at which ubiquitous computing is incorporated to infrastructures will differ. The difference will be in terms of non-technical factors. For instance, it can be business models, organizational structure and economics. Uniform penetration however will not be easily achieved. Challenges of ubiquitous computing Ubiquitous computing has several challenges. One of the challenges is user intent. For ubiquitous computing to be effective it is important that the system be able to track the user intent. Otherwise it will not be possible to know which actions of the system help or hinder the user. However the current systems are weak at capturing and using user intent. Secondly, there is the challenge of cyber foraging. The urge to reduce the size of mobile phone devices, make them lighter and provide longer lasting battery life means co mpromising computing capabilities. However meeting the expectations of the user may need more advanced data manipulation and computing activities. According to Yang (2004), the challenge is connecting the two contradicting requirements. Adaptation strategy is yet another challenge related to ubiquitous computing. Adaptation is important incase of a variation between resource supply and demand. It is achieved through three alternatives. First is that the client can use some applications in altering their actions so as to use little of the scarce resource. The challenge is that the change normally decreases the perceived quality of the user. Second is that the client request the environment to offer a given level of a resource. Third is that a client may propose a corrective action to the user. The challenge is that if the user reacts on the proposal, it is not certain that there will be adequate supply of the demands. Privacy in ubiquitous computing Privacy is highly complicated by u biquitous computing. However it is a real problem in mobile computing and distributed systems. There are mechanisms which continuously monitor user behavior. These include smart spaces, location tracking and surrogate use. The more the user becomes dependent on the ubiquitous computing system, the more the system monitors his/her movements. It also becomes aware of the user’s mannerisms and behavior patterns. Using this information is important for successful functioning of the

Athletics and the Effect on Academics Essay Example for Free

Athletics and the Effect on Academics Essay The purpose of this research proposal is to determine if extracurricular activities such as sports has a positive or negative affect on junior high student’s academic achievement. I will discuss past research that has been conducted and their results as well articles written on the topic. I will also discuss my research method and how it will be implemented in order to see how previous research compares to my school. This research will be conducted with students in the 6th through the 8th grade. As a teacher and a coach I have wondered if there is any correlation between students academic success while they were part of a sports program. I know that as a former student-athlete in junior high and high school I was motivated to maintain a certain grade level in order to participate in any type of sport. I recently attended my son’s parent meeting for his freshman basketball team and learned that according to IHSA rules a student can fail two classes and still participate in their sport. That is a topic of discussion for another time but it did spark my curiosity to see if my students at the junior high level worked harder to stay eligible during their sport season and not so hard during their off –season. It should be stated that at my school a student has to maintain a 70% to participate and this is checked on a weekly basis. It would seem that ever since sports has become part of our schools environment there has been a debate about the effects of athletic participation on academic achievement. I believe now more than ever it has become a more relevant issue because of the budget restraints in our country’s schools. The school boards often find it easy to cut athletic programs because they do not see the value it has in the academic arena. It is important for our administrators to know these effects of athletics on academics before they would decide to cut or retain these athletic programs. This particular research proposal would focus on junior high students that are both male and female at J. W. Eater in Rantoul Illinois. Our demographics are about evenly split between both Caucasian and African American students, the African American student being slight higher, with a smaller percent of Hispanics. It should also be noted that there are a high number, close to 80%, of these students whose families fall below the poverty line; therefore there is a high number of kids that are on the free or reduced lunch plan. In addition to the research that will be conducted at Eater Junior High there will also be some information from other articles and studies that have been done in research journals. I feel these articles and studies will provide a clearer picture as to the positive effect of athletic participation and academic achievement. I found an article that supports the theory that athletic participation can help at-risk students and other students who have academic problems. Since we have several at-risk students because of our demographics in Rantoul this article seem to relate. In this article it states that educators believe that athletic participation reduces the chance of school dropout by approximately forty percent. It argues that extracurricular participation decreases this chance because it gives those at-risk students a chance to create positive connections to the school system. Involvement in these activities was perceived by educators to support these at-risk students by maintaining, enhancing and strengthening the student to school connection (Holloway, J. H. 2000). Although we don’t have the dropout problem as say our high school, athletics is a connection to the next level of education and can provide motivation to stay in school. A research article I found that involves using a questionnaire, as I intend to use with my research proposal, measures academic achievement between athletes and non-athletes on the 8th grade level (Stegman, M. Stephens, L. 2000). Both the athletes and the non-athletes were invited to participate and each was provided with a questionnaire. Both groups also gave the researchers permission to view their academic scores. They found that the results showed the students who participated in sports had the higher academic scores versus those who chose not to participate in sports. Although the sample size wasn’t that large the results tend to lean in favor of athletics enforcing academics. Another case I found was interesting in that it examined over 25,000 students along with their teachers and parents (Jordan, W. 1999). The research’s author, Will Jordan, shows how the results point out that African American students have a higher rate of academic achievement as a whole when they are in involved in extracurricular activities such as sports. The only draw back to this research is that it only involves African Americans, however Mr.  Jordon does note that previous research did show similar results for other races that were researched. The majority of its data is received from the National Educational Longitudinal Study, and this is used to measure the data against a system that is already in place to decide how effective extracurricular activities are to a student’s academic success. Another case that was conducted by Thomas Herbert centers on the study of 8 different student athletes that had been identified as gifted in junior high for 120 days (Herbert, T. 1995). As my own son was in the gifted program this was also an interesting study. By observing and using questionnaires, and looking at their academic scores, the conclusion Mr. Herbert came to was that they all had a strong academic record along with positive self-esteem. Mr. Herbert’s rationale is that they gained these positive attributes through their involvement in playing competitive sports. Just like in Mr. Jordon’s research, Mr. Herbert’s research also had limitations. In this case these students were from the inner city, therefore it would not be an accurate example of society as a whole or in comparison to J.  W. Eater. These are three research cases that weigh in favor of athletics helping promote academics. However in order to be able to conduct a research proposal that is fair you have to look at both sides and there are some articles that shows some negative correlations between academics and sports. One such article was written by Mr. Glenn Cook that is based on his prior experiences working with student athletes. Mr. Cook suggests that today’s society has placed more emphasis on athletics than they do academics (Cook, G. 2003). He feels because of this shift, students are not having the academic success they would otherwise had if athletics wasn’t involved. He feel that the students are not being pushed to achieve the most from their academics because they are being given a â€Å"pass† so to speak because of the time involved with their particular sport. A Mr. William Bainbridge writes a similar article taking the stance that athletics is hindering the academic part of school (Bainbridge, W. 2004). His point of view is that the culture is so enamored with the likes of athletes such as Kobe Bryant or Dwight Howard who skip college and go straight to the NBA. He feels this is a deterrent for the kid who wants to go to college and graduate. Although I see the points in both Mr. Cook and Mr. Bainbridge opinions, they are just that, an opinion. An actual research article that helps support their opinion was conducted by Ms. Leah Bucknavage and a Mr. Frank Worrell where their research shows a negative correlation between athletics and academics (Bucknavage, L. Worrell, F. 2005). The research indicated that some students who participated in an intramural sport actually showed a decline in academic achievement. It should be noted that a limitation to this research is that it is based on an intramural sport as opposed to a regular sports team that requires tryouts in order to make the team and participate which requires more time and commitment. Within the majority of research I found supporting the positive effects between athletics and academics, it could easily be argued that athletics helps promote academic achievement in students. Through my research proposal I would hope to find that my results held with the status quo. In my research proposal I will be using student questionnaires as this seems to a popular method used by other researcher into this topic. I would also be looking at the student’s grades in all subject areas pre and post their participation in their sport, along with their ISAT scores from when the started participating as early as the 6th grade through their 8th grade career. I would want to see, at the minimum, that their grades were passing and consistent over this period of time. I plan on looking at J. W. Eater junior high on a grade-by-grade level. The esearch will be done in the form of questionnaires for each grade that the students will have to fill out themselves. The survey instrument used in this research will be designed to determine whether or not the activities that junior high students choose have an effect on their academic achievement and will be based on a four point Likert-scale, with 1 meaning â€Å"I agree;† 2 meaning â€Å"I somewhat agree;† 3 meaning â€Å"I somewhat disagree;† and 4 meaning, â€Å"I disagree;†. A personal data sheet that also request demographic data will be included along with the survey. These demographic answers will be reported in percentages and charts. The questions in the non-demographic part of the survey will generally be about their attitudes towards school and learning in general. They will also be asked if they currently play, have played or plan on playing a sport in junior high. The questionnaire will see if there is a correlation between participating in athletics and their expectation of themselves. Because the questionnaire will have both convergent and divergent questions I will be able to get a better result as to the correlation of athletic participation and the self-expectations. Their current grades and ISAT scores will also be recorded. The goal is to compare the scores, both pre and post, and questionnaire results with those of the non-extracurricular participant and see if the data supports the hypothesis that athletics promotes academics. As a potential future administrator this is information that I would like to have access to in my potential school in order to determine the value of sports or extracurricular activities. Although I feel there is a positive correlation between sports and academics, I have to put the educational part of school first and foremost. If I were to see that the academic part of my students schooling is being affected by extracurricular activities then I would have to make adjustment to those activities. This could be done in cutting an activity altogether or creating other opportunities to help the student-athlete be successful. I think this project has reinforced my belief that if set up properly within the school environment, then there is a positive correlation between extracurricular activities and academics. I think its up to each administrator to do what is in the best interest for his or her school and students.

Isaac Newton :: Biography, Science

Isaac Newton was a brilliant scientist who discovered many important things. The sources for this report are Encyclopedia" and the book "Isaac Newton: The Greatest Scientist of All Time" by Margaret Jean Anderson. Sir Isaac Newton was born on December 25, 1642 (according to the Julian calendar which was in use then; the date was January 4, 1643, according to the Gregorian calendar in use today), at Woolsthorpe, near Grantham in Lincolnshire. His widowed mother remarried when he was three years old, leaving him in care of his feeble grandmother. Eventually his mother was persuaded to send him to grammar school in Grantham. Later, in the summer of 1661, he was sent to Trinity College, at the University of Cambridge. Isaac Newton received his bachelor's degree in 1665. After an intermission of nearly two years he returned to Trinity College, which elected him to a fellowship in 1667. Isaac Newton received his master's degree in 1668. Newton ignored much of the established curriculum of the university to pursue his own interests: mathematics and natural philosophy. Proceeding entirely on his own, he investigated the latest developments in mathematics and the new natural philosophy that treated nature as a complicated machine. Almost immediately, he made fundamental discoveries that were instrumental in his career in science. Sir Isaac Newton, the English mathematician and physicist, is considered to be one of the greatest scientists in history. He made important contributions to many fields of science. His discoveries and theories laid the foundation for much of the progress in science and math since his

Smoking in Public Places

In some country people are no longer allowed to smoke in many public places and office buildings. Do you think it is a good rule or bad rule? Use specific reasons and details to support your position. Earth is a good creation of God. So this is our duty to make it beautiful. If our surrounding is good and has no pollution then we feel happy and have a good health. A person who is healthy has good ideas. In my opinion I would like to say if smoking is not allowed in public places and office buildings then it is a good rule. There are many reasons behind this.They are as follows: In my view, smoking is not good for health. If a person who has the habit of smoking then he or she can have breathing, lungs and heart problems. The smoke of cigarette is also very harmful for health. If people smoke in public places then it is not only injurious for the smoker but also for others who do not smoke. For a healthy life, smoking is not good. The smoke of cigarette has toxic metals like Cadmium. If human body contains excess of cadmium then it creates many health problems like bone and heart diseases.For the safety of humans it is necessary to ban smoking in public and office buildings. For a good and healthy generation, ban on smoking in public places and office building is also necessary. If there is a ban then chain smokers cannot smoke and they will be safe. A lady who is pregnant and has the habit of smoking then a ban can be helpful for her child’s health. It is very important for the baby. Sometimes people can also save their money with the help of ban on smoking. People can use this money in other works.For instances, if people save money then they donate or eat healthy food. People who are allergic to smoke do not like smoking in offices and public places. These people do not feel good if any one smokes. As a good person, smokers’ should be careful and give the preference for others convenience. People can also increase their business if smoking is ba ne in public places and office buildings. For example, people who are chain smokers and have the habit of smoking during work that decrease their work skills and earning.The customers who do not like smoking do not like to come. Therefore, the ban can be beneficial if it increases the business. All in all I would like to say if smoking is not allowed in public places and office buildings then it is not only good for health of present and future generation but also can increase earning of people. If we want a good pollution free country, healthy life and more money then we will have to stop smoking. We should support the campaign against smoking.

Generational Poverty Paper Essay

There are several issues that I have learned about this week. There are several factors that are involved in overcoming generational poverty such as education and relationships. Migrant and seasonal farm workers work very hard but yet live in generational poverty. They face several challenges when working and their families also are at risk in repeating the pattern. I also learned about the challenges that older people face when there is a lack of access to employment. Women also face unique challenges through the different life stages. Generational poverty families are often times large families. The reason why they are so large is because the more people in the family, the more money and the more people there are to take care of aging parents. The parents of these families are usually uneducated and they become intimidated that if their children get educated then they will move away. The fear of their children becoming educated means that they tend to hold their children back from breaking the cycle. When these children get to a certain age, they will drop out and get jobs with low pay. Many children stay with their families and are more prone to getting addicted to drugs. In order to prevent the cycle from continuing it is important that the children of these families become educated. The schools need to develop positive relationships with these children in order for them to be encouraged in continuing their education. In single parent households, the parent most likely will have a low paying job and often work several jobs or hours which impact their ability to provide adequate structure for their children. Many single parents have significant stress just to make ends meet. Generational poverty is also seen in migrant and seasonal workers. Migrant and seasonal workers face several challenges when working out in the fields. Migrant and seasonal farm workers travel throughout the country, they live in temporary housing. The places these workers live in are in areas that they are needed to plant, maintain, and harvest crops. Migrant and seasonal farm workers have one of the most dangerous jobs in the United States. They are  overworked and are often in inclement weather. The ethnicity of the farm workers are mostly Mexicans, Mexican-Americans, Central Americans, Cubans, and Puerto Ricans. More than half of the farm workers earn less than $7,500 per year. Because these farm workers must travel, their families travel with them. The ways farm workers impact their children are that because of travel from school to school, it negatively impacts their stability and education. The job of the farm worker is very important of American society because the farm workers are responsible to providing society with food. If it were not for the farm workers, America would not have anything to eat. Although the farm workers job is very important, they do not get the respect that they deserve. Farm workers have many dangers when it comes to working in the fields. Not only do they have dangers when working in the field but their families are also at risk for being exposed to some of the dangers of the farm workers job. Farm workers are exposed to the pesticides that are used to protect the crops from damage. The pesticides poison the farm workers and cause the farm worker to suffer from headaches, skin and eye irritations, nausea, and breathing problems. The farm workers families are also at risk from being exposed to pesticides because the worker carries the pesticides on their clothing. An injury that occurs when working as a migrant and seasonal farm worker is that they get injuries such as musculoskeletal injuries. They are prone to injuries because they are required to do repetitive movements and uncomfortable body positioning. They get carpal tunnel syndrome, tendonitis, and back pain. Most of these workers do not seek help right away because they try home remedies and over the counter treatments first because many are undocumented and fear being deported. The ones that do seek medical help often wait until the injury gets worse, which makes it harder to help them feel better. Many of these workers are uneducated and will use their children to help with translating information they need. Sometimes their children will quit school to help their parents financially and will drop out of school to work in the fields. Women face several unique challenges. Two choices that women are faced with are when they get married both they marry men who provide lifetime financial support, and they will be able to prevent destitution at the latter part of their lives. Another choice is that if a woman decides that she wants to get a higher education and establish lifetime careers, along with deciding to get  married and have children, she will be able to prevent lifetime destitution. When women decide to have a career, be a wife, and have children, they often times struggle with balancing family and work. If a woman decides to marry a man who provides lifetime financial support then she must focus on her family and take care of all responsibilities for the family. The aged face several challenges when there is lack of access to employment. In order for a person to retire they must work until they are 67 years old. When they are able to retire the aged my receive Social Security and Medicare. Many of these older people that work for companies have been there many years and tend to be paid higher than a younger person. There is a history of companies that lay off their higher paid workers that are over the age of 50 or they will force these workers to retire early so that they can hire someone younger and pay them less. The majority of the workers that are laid off or forced to retire early, leave companies with no health insurance and must use their savings early. When the aged are laid off and go to find a new job they face active age discrimination from other companies. Many companies see the aged as people who do not have the same energy or the ability to perform the job duties that a younger person can do. When the aged is unable to find a job over 50 years old, they are forced to use their life savings before they expected to and some do not have any savings because they have to support their families. I have changed my perspective on several of the topics that where discussed. I work with older staff and I now understand that ageism happens and it is better to understand what they go through than to discriminate against them. Instead of complaining how slow an older person is, it is important to help them. When an aged person loses their job it becomes extremely difficult for them to find another job because companies discriminate against the aged. Generational poverty is an issue that can be reduced by educating families and building relationships with them in order to encourage these families to continue their education. The reason why some generational poverty families are big is so that the more people there are in the family the more money and the more people there are to take care of the aged. I have also learned about the many unique challenges that women have when it comes to living their life. A woman can chose to get married and let the man support her financially or chose a higher education and a career and raise a family. References Anthony, M. J. (2011). Caring for Migrant Farm Workers on Medical-Surgical Units. MEDSURG Nursing, 20(3), 123-126. Understanding the Depth of Challenges People Face Power Point Presentation Hatch, L. (2005). Gender and Ageism. Generations, 29(3), 19-24

herbert hoover essays

herbert hoover essays In early September 1927 share prices on the Wall Street stock market began to slip, unlike the last 7 years when they had been constantly rising. Experienced stockbrokers began to sell their shares because they saw that the prices would probably fall. Normal working class people saw the stockbrokers doing this, and suspected something was going wrong and they began to sell their shares too. Soon after everyone began to panic and were selling their shares as quickly as possible. Prices of shares plummeted and people were selling their shares for anything they could possibly get. Then on Tuesday, 29th of October 1929, 16 410 000 shares were traded in the worst day in history of the New York stock market. No one would buy the shares and everyone was panicking. All shares lost a huge amount of their value and nearly all people, wealthy or poor were hit. Herbert Clarke Hoover started off with nothing in life. His parents died before he was 9 and he was left to be brought up by his uncle who was a Quaker Doctor and his aunt in Oregon. He only stayed in High School till he was 14 then he left for work as an office boy. He became interested in engineering and went to university and graduated with a degree of mining and engineering. In 1908 he set up a mining consultancy company and he became rich. In 1914 Hoover chaired the American Relief Commission, which helped 150000 Americans return home safely from World War One. He was continuously helping Americans during the war, which pleased the people. Hoovers work during the war brought him to the attention of President Harding, who made him secretary of commerce. He continued to hold his position under President Coolidge. Hoover began a series of building projects including Boulder Dam which was renamed Hoover Dam in his honour. Hoover was the natural choice to succeed Calvin Coolidge as president. He stated that every American would have a chicken in every pot, a car in every garage&...

Blockchain for Bitcoin Technology

The block chains are the distributed databases maintaining continuous growth of records ordered in lists called â€Å"blocks†.   It is the public ledger of every Bitcoin transactions which have been executed. The pleted† blocks are incorporated to it leading to constant increase in size of the â€Å"block chains†. These blocks have been imposed over the blockchain in chronological order and linear manner. The research would be conducted around â€Å"Bitcoins†. The â€Å"bitcoins† has been developed as rewards in petitions where users offer power of puting to authenticate and record transfer of data into block-chains. The study would not reveal any other cases supported by the block-chains like smart contracts and the licensing. The study would describe the research. Then the evaluation of the contribution of block-chains with â€Å"bitcoins† has been discussed.   A model to stimulate has been developed with its limitations and justifications. Lastly conclusion has been drawn on the key findings fitting to the research. At first the topic â€Å"blockchain technology† in â€Å"Bitcoin† is defined. Then the area of â€Å"blockchain technology† in â€Å"Bitcoin† is unfolded. The areas that are not to be included in this research are mentioned. Lastly the general findings from â€Å"blockchain technology† in â€Å"Bitcoin† are revealed. In the next section, the fiend of the review has been described. After describing the research, evaluation is done on the contribution of the research that has been done to the area. Next the limitations of â€Å"blockchain technology† in â€Å"Bitcoin† are shown. Lastly the section ends by mentioning the values of the limitations in the project. Then the best solution for the present situation is given. It important features are discussed. Its quality and contribution to the given research field is analyzed. A model is drawn stimulating it. Lastly conclusion is drawn upon the key findings from the review of â€Å" blockchain technology† in â€Å"Bitcoin†. Boyd &Carr, (2016) researched that â€Å"Blockchain† is the decentralized method for data transaction in â€Å"data management†. It was first designed for the â€Å"Bitcoin cryptocurrency†. The interest in this field originated since the idea has been coined in the year of 2008. The reason behind this was its core attributes providing data integrity, anonymity and security. This has been done in the absence of a third party organization that could manage its transactions. Thus it created attractive areas of research. This has been especially from the view point of limitations and technical challenges. A systematic mapping of the study with the aim of gathering every relevant research on the technology of lock-chain is set. The main aim has been the understanding of the present challenges, future directions and topics of the research. Various online journals are studies. That show focus on the â€Å"Bitcoin† systems. Most of the studies has been dealing wit h reveal and improve of the â€Å"Blockchains† from the security and privacy view-points. Several of the proposed solutions have been lacking concrete discussion on the effectiveness.   Many scalability of Block-chain involving the latency and throughput has been kept unstudied. Evaluation of the contribution of the research:The contribution of the research has been interesting to watch where it has been heading. Bitcoin has got many attentions in cryptocurrency. According to Gà ¶bel et al. (2016) more people has been buying and trading Bitcoins per day. Hence it has been crucial as a research topic. The research would attract the academia and industries to carry on further researches from both the technical and business perspectives. The Bitcoin has been the only solution to utilize the â€Å"Blockchain† technology. There has been various other cryptocurrencies currently who have been giving petition to Bitcoin. The future researches from this study might also involve other cryptocurrencies. The review would not only help in focusing on Bitcoin and the other cryptocurrencies but also highlight applications possible utilizing the solution of blockchain. Utilizing of decentralized scenario like the share of virtual properties could be a contribution o f the research. This would revolutionize the approach in which the organizations would sell the products. Gipp, Kosti&Breitinger (2016) states that as the solutions of blockchain are used for more users, it would appreciate the reviews like this done on the technical challenges and limitations. The increase in sizes and bases of users has triggered to conduct this type of researches relating to the scalability. Moreover, the research will leave its impact on the privacy and security concerns. This would give birth to inventions of new areas to prevent the disturbance on blockchains. Limitations of the research:The systematic mapping of the research would enable the understanding of the present gaps in the research. Crosby et al., (2016) state thatone of the fundamental limitations on the study is relating to the publication bias. It refers that the problem that the positive ou es are to be published more than that of the negative ones. This is because that the negative take much time to get published. Moreover, they have been less cited in the publications. Other limitation has been the â€Å"selection bias†. It refers to the distortion of the statistical analysis. This has been owing to the used criteria for selecting the publications. Lastly the there has been limitation regarding inaccuracy the extraction of data and the misclassification. This indicates the possibility of extraction of data differently by various reviewers. Importance of the research gaps in the project:As researched by Zheng et al., (2016) this identification of systematic mapping of the research would help the practitioners and the researchers to concentrate on research areas that need more researches. The seeking of the gaps of research would reply the unanswered queries in the present technology of blockchain. The addressing of the publication issue has brought the usage of various scientific databases. This is done within the â€Å"search protocols† to seek maximum number of papers. This has raised the quantity of papers found for this study along with raising the possibility to seek the papers with negative ou es. Nonetheless, the Blockchain innovation has been considered as another subject in the software engineering industry. It has been further distributed as white papers inside the panies. Thus, all exploration led on the specialized perspectives on Blockchain could not been incorporated in this mapping study. In any ca se, by using just logical databases as hotspots for finding significant research, papers are gathered of higher quality. The issue of selection bias has been addressed by the developing o careful search protocols. Pilot searches could be done on various keywords ensuring what has been concluded from the study. Rigorous criteria for inclusion and the exclusion could be defined form this. This would ensure that every paper elected has been the section of the research topic (Bracamonte, Yamasaki & Okada, 2016). Most of the researches relating to the block-chain have been relevant to the regulation, legal and economic factors of Bitcoin with the possibility of its cryptocurrency. The solution is the â€Å"data extraction† and â€Å"mapping process†. Matzuttet al., (2016) claimed is designed to gather data required to address the queries of research in this review. The data items collected are the basic information regarding the study. It includes the objectives and major findings from the study. It helps to organize and assess the data. The selection and search ou es are found from the process. There has been the â€Å"Prisma-Flow† model provided with the process. Many journals have been retrieved initially as the search protocol designed has been registered to the scientific databases selected. The initial round on the inclusion and the exclusion has been lying on the basis of the titles of the papers retrieved. Various papers excluded have been discussed from the business view-point of Bitcoin. They have not been included in the study. Retrieval of numerous papers relevant to other scientific fields where the Blockchain has another defi nition than technology in puter science is done. The most important features have been the identification of security, wasted resources, usability and privacy. These have been good due to the identification of exchanging property of Bitcoin. This has caused economic harm for the clients. This fit into the research was said by Karame (2016). This is because there is a scope of introducing the â€Å"audit software† to increase the usability in the Bitcoin exchanges. The aim of this software has been to deduce the solvency of exchange participants. This could be done without the publication of crucial data. There has been connection between the buyer and the seller with limited layer for anonymity. This prevents the buyers to find and validate data in Bitcoin. Different models could be presented through which the rating or reputation could be imposed conjoining the transactions of Bitcon. This considers every pros and cons. These aspects could be improved. This could be done on the network of Bitcoin. Thus the usability is improved delivering extra data for users who have been making transactions. Limitations:Colombo (2016) argues that the technology of block-chain has certain challenges that are identified through the review. Several technical limitations identified in adapting the technology of block-chain in future are throughput, latency, bandwidth and size, security, wasted resources, usability and versioning with hard forks and multiple chains. They have been the limitations for certain reasons. The potential issues throughput in the network of Bitcoin presently gets maximized to transactions per second. In order to develop enough protection for the transaction block of Bitcoin, it takes 10 minutes to finish a transaction roughly. In order to gain security efficiency, more time has to be spent in the blocks. This is because it has been outweighing the expense of couple of attacks. Currently the block-chain’s size in the network of Bitcoin has been over five hundred thousand megabytes. The munity of Bitcoin assumes that the quantity of each block has been one mega bytes. The block has been created for every ten minutes. Dwyer (2016) discusses that this causes limitations in the quantity of transactions to be handled. In the security section the present block-chain at Bitcoin can have 51% attack. The mining at Bitcoin has been wasting large quantity of energy about fifteen million dollars per day. This has been the reason of effort of â€Å"proof-of-work†. The API of Bitcoin to develop services has been hard to use. There has been the requirement to design an API for blockchain that is more developer-friendly. This resembles the REST APIs many times. Small chains that prises of lower quantity of nodes possess high chances of fifty-one percent attack. Another problem arises as the chains have been split for versioning and administrative purposes (Krug & Peterson, 2015). These limitations fit to the review as the blockchain posses the ability to alter the method of transactions. Moreover, the block-chain’s applications have not been limited to the crypto currencies. The data integrity attributes of security and the anonymity has been suffering from various restrictions and obstacles. They are assesses and resolved in this research. Scalability has been another problem which has been also mentioned in this study. This research would help in identifying the present status done by blockchain. The research has continued to seek several problems and solutions to ove e the limitations of the technology of Block-chain. Most of the study has concentrated on addressing the challenges. Every block prises of a timestamp. It prises of links to previous blocks. As recorded once, the block-chains have been resistant inherently to any kind of modification of data. Maximum researches on block-chain of present day have been concerned about the security and privacy issues.   It has conducted scalability problems on the Blockchain. The review has evaluated the ability of the solutions suggested in an aim of the evaluation criteria. The limitations are searched and the way it has been valuable to the project is found out. A suitable model is drawn justifying the best solution selected. Though various solutions to the limitations and solutions are presented but few of them has been just small proposals and lack strong assessment on the effectiveness. Boyd, C., &Carr, C. (2016, July). Fair Client Puzzles from the Bitcoin Blockchain. In  Australasian Conference on Information Security and Privacy  (pp. 161-177). Springer International Publishing. Bracamonte, V., Yamasaki, S., & Okada, H. (2016). A Discussion of Issues related to Electronic Voting Systems based on Blockchain Technology. Colombo, R. J. (2016). Bitcoin: Hype or Harbinger.  J. Int'l Bus. & L.,  16, 1. Crosby, M., Pattanayak, P., Verma, S., &Kalyanaraman, V. (2016). Blockchain technology: Beyond bitcoin.  Applied Innovation,  2, 6-10. Dwyer, G. P. (2016). Blockchain: A Primer. English, S. M., &Nezhadian, E. (2017). Conditions of Full Disclosure: The Blockchain Remuneration Model.  arXiv preprint arXiv:1703.04196. Ferrin, D. (2015). A Preliminary Field Guide for Bitcoin Transaction Patterns. In  Proc. Texas Bitcoin Conf. Gipp, B., Kosti, J., &Breitinger, C. (2016). Securing Video Integrity Using Decentralized Trusted Timestamping on the Bitcoin Blockchain. Gà ¶bel, J., Keeler, H. P., Krzesinski, A. E., & Taylor, P. G. (2016). Bitcoin blockchain dynamics: The selfish-mine strategy in the presence of propagation delay.  Performance Evaluation,  104, 23-41. Hari, A., & Lakshman, T. V. (2016, November). The Internet Blockchain: A Distributed, Tamper-Resistant Transaction Framework for the Internet. In  Proceedings of the 15th ACM Workshop on Hot Topics in Networks  (pp. 204-210). ACM. Karame, G. (2016, October). On the Security and Scalability of Bitcoin's Blockchain. In  Proceedings of the 2016 ACM SIGSAC Conference on puter and munications Security  (pp. 1861-1862). ACM. Krug, J., & Peterson, J. (2015). Sidecoin: a snapshot mechanism for bootstrapping a blockchain.  arXiv preprint arXiv:1501.01039. Matzutt, R., Hohlfeld, O., Henze, M., Rawiel, R., Ziegeldorf, J. H., &Wehrle, K. (2016, October). POSTER: I Don't Want That Content! On the Risks of Exploiting Bitcoin's Blockchain as a Content Store. In  Proceedings of the 2016 ACM SIGSAC Conference on puter and munications Security  (pp. 1769-1771). ACM. Miscione, G., & Kavanagh, D. (2015). Bitcoin and the Blockchain: A Coup D'État through Digital Heterotopia?. Nugent, T., Upton, D., &Cimpoesu, M. (2016). Improving data transparency in clinical trials using blockchain smart contracts [version 1; referees: awaiting peer review]. Zheng, Z., Xie, S., Dai, H. N., & Wang, H. (2016). Blockchain Challenges and Opportunities: A Survey.

Reflection and Refraction Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Reflection and Refraction - Research Paper Example Also, it has aided in the understanding on what makes the objects visible. The law of reflection The rule of reflection holds â€Å"for specular reflection the angle at which the wave is incident on the surface equals the angle at which it is reflected† (Anonymous, 2010). Reflection occurs when the wave travels through one medium to another. This is referred to as refractive index of the media. I order to determine the refractive index of different media, the following formula is used; n=c/v whereby, â€Å"n is the refractive index of the material, c represents speed of light in vacuum and v is the speed of light in vacuum† (Reeves, 2008). According to the law of reflection, the angle of incidence and the angle of reflection falls on the same reflecting surface and are equal and on opposite sides of the normal line (Kosso, 1998). Also, there is an assumption of a normal line which is an imaginary line perpendicular to the plane mirror surface and is the central line bet ween incident and reflected lines (appendix 1). When reflection occurs on an even surface, it forms a mirror image which appears overturned from right to left. However, when specular reflection occurs at a curved surface, these forms magnified or de-magnified images. Causes of reflection The nature of reflection depends on the surface in which the waves come into contact with (Jacobs & Schulman, 2008). ... Diffuse reflection of light waves enables us to see the various objects after coming into contact with various objects. In some situations, the reflected waves return in the direction they came from. This is referred to as retroreflection hence this makes the object to appear brighter (Reeves, 2008). Also, it is possible for reflected waves to undergo further reflections after coming into contact with another surface. This is referred to as multiple reflections (appendix 2). For example, this is observed if two mirrors are placed opposite each other and then an image is placed between them. Infinite images are formed on each mirror due to the occurrence of multiple reflections. Application of Reflection Reflections of waves of energy have numerous uses in daily lives. For example, the reflection if light waves are used in x-rays whereby, the light waves are converged and focused at a point to generate immense energy appropriate for the activity (Jacobs & Schulman, 2008). Different ma terials have different refractive indices hence when energy wave moves from dense to less dense refractive index materials; the reflected wave is diverged away from the normal. On the other hand, a movement of energy wave from a material with a less dense to a material with denser refractive index, the reflected wave is deflected to the normal line. The knowledge of reflection has also been applied in radar to manage the operations of aircrafts at the airport (Kosso, 1998). The same knowledge is also applied in radio and television broadcasting among other areas. The characteristics of waves can be viewed in the water bodies or as electromagnetic waves such as visible light. Conclusion When waves come into contact with